Essays and Research Papers on Earth & Physical Sciences

This 5 page paper discusses fall fertilization programs for trees, shrubs and vines defined as woody ornamentals. Bibliography lists 5 sources.

This 5 page paper provides a secondary succession time line and an exploration of the named plants. Requirements for plant life and how they interrelate with one another and their environment are the topics addressed. Bibliography lists 9 sources.

This 5 page report reviews the article published in the July, 1999, issue of Scientific American entitled “Life’s Far-Flung Raw Materials” by Max P. Bernstein, Scott A. Sandford and Louis J. Allamandola. The article considers the idea that life on Earth may owe its start to carbon-rich molecules that once floated in interstellar clouds, then fell to the early ...

A 5 page discussion of the geological rock cycle. Clarifies that that cycle is composed of three major processes, the igneous, the metamorphic, and the sedimentary processes and delineates the various components of each. Includes a diagram retrieved from the Internet which illustrates the processes involved in this cycle. Bibliography lists 5 ...

5 pages in length. In considering oil production in the United States it is best to first focus on the five e's. Those are: efficiency, evolution, extent, economics, and environment. By considering each of these topics there is a well-rounded picture of the United States oil production, and this paper will discuss each of these. Bibliography lists ...

(5 pp). As we move into a new century we become more aware of how hard we were on the planet in the last one hundred years. This discussion examines the general criteria of an ecosystem, and then illustrates what an ecosystem is be describing one on a north facing slope and one ...

An 8 page consideration of the theory of catastrophism in relation to the dinosaur extinction which occurred during the Cretaceous and Tertiary periods. Weighs the geologic evidence of such an event against the environmental effects which would have occurred to contend that such an event would have had much further effects than on the ...

5 pages in length. The Great Dying is historically known as a period of time two hundred and fifty-one million years ago where the earth suffered significant and overwhelming devastation. The most intriguing aspect about this mass extinction of plant and animal life is that scientists still have no concrete evidence why such ...

An 8 page discussion of the events which resulted in the extinction of the dinosaurs. Suggests that a meteoric impact with the earth set in motion a series of environmental events which ultimately translated into dinosaur extinction. Bibliography lists 10 sources.

This 5 page report discusses family interactions and what takes place in family relationships when a natural disaster such as an earthquake occurs. Because the family is thought of as the basic unit of society and is acknowledged for the essential socio-economic functions that it performs, its place in dealing with the impact of a natural disaster such as an ...

10 pages in length. Discusses rift zones, plate tectonics, spreading centers and continental rift zones as well as how rift zones form. Bibliography lists 4 sources.

This 7 page paper provides an overview of the physics of computation, with a specific view of the comparison between classical and quantum computing. This paper considers the elements that direct man's perceptions of the physics of computation and relates these through a view of quantum mechanics and quantum computing. Bibliography lists 5 ...

A 5 page outline of the many considerations which surround hurricanes. Hurricanes present one of the most catastrophic of all natural disasters. Their development and maturation offers a fascinating climatologic study, a study which is intensified when one realizes the damage to life and property which can result with their advent. Climatologists ...

This 4 page report discusses the formation and discovery of the Cumberland Gap. Near the point where Virginia, Kentucky, and Tennessee meet, a natural passage, almost 20 miles long and 1.7 miles wide, was formed through the Cumberland Mountains, part of the southwestern division of the Appalachian Mountain system. Once thought to be a wind gap, the gap was ...

This 8 page report discusses the theories of Piotr Alekseyevich Kropotkin (1842-1941), a Russian geographer, social philosopher, and political anarchist. Kropotkin’s work and observations of the natural world convinced him that creatures survived when they supported one another but had to face an enormous amount of pain and dissension when they turned on one another. Such thinking flew in the face ...

5 pages in length. In light of the fact that the world's population continues to explode, thus requiring more and more room and resources in which to appease the earth's inhabitants, the environment is facing continued degradation. The time has come for a drastic change in thinking with regard to the current environmental crisis. It has become ...

A 5 page paper discussing the use of recycled concrete in place of quarried stone and gravel in forming the mixture that will become roadbed pavement. Concrete as an aggregate is more promising now than before the introduction of the latest generation of bituminous binders. It cannot be used in all situations, but in many it offers ...

A 5 page paper which provides an overview of tsunami. The paper discusses the causes of tsunami and also illustrates where threats are likely. Bibliography lists 3 sources.

11 pages in length. The architectural layout and planning of this particular site reflects a decidedly communicative ideology, in that it represents the very cultural essence of its people. Embedded within this written ideology of the ruined city's structure is the greater conceptualization of education and expression. Without question, these interrelated ...

(5 pp) In 1906, Mina Fleming was the first American woman elected to the Royal Astronomical Society. In 1907 she published a study of 222 variable stars she had discovered. A British astronomer made the following observation: "Many astronomers are deservedly proud to have discovered one...the discovery of 222...is an achievement bordering on the ...

This 6 page paper looks at the problem of global warming defining and describing some of the possible causes, such as carbon dioxide, water vapour and the natural temperature cycles. The paper also considers some of the proposed solutions to these problems. The bibliography cites 9 sources.

A six page paper which compares the recent earthquakes in Salvador and Seattle, in terms of the resultant damage, collateral effects on the economy, and the measures which the respective countries had previously taken to alleviate the potential impact of natural disasters. Bibliography lists 5 sources.

An 8 page paper which discusses the variety of natural hazards that can be found in the country of Chile. The paper presents an examination of earthquakes tsunami, floods, and volcanoes. Bibliography lists 6 sources.

A five page paper which gives an account of Aldo Leopold’s A Sand County Almanac, looking at his perception of the relationship of human beings to the ecological web, the ways in which civilisation is destroying the wilderness areas of America, and the importance of adapting ethical structures to encompass respect for the land as ...

6 pages in length. The technological explosion of the latter twentieth century has rendered tremendous advancement in areas that were considered untouchable only a few decades ago. Clearly, the progress that has been achieved through technology is nothing short of astounding, inasmuch as there is no telling what may be waiting just around ...