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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
A 7 page paper on discrimination in World War II and how African-Americans finally began to break the 'color barrier' in the military. Specific cases including those of the Civilian Pilots Training Act, The Tuskegee airmen, and more, are presented. The assimilation of women into the military is described as well. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Page Count:
7 pages (~225 words per page)
File: D0_Ww2disc.rtf
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
President to bring on another revolution: the beginning of the end of racial discrimination in military policy. By the start of World War II, African Americans were being admitted
into the Army and Navy in segregated units. On June 25, 1941, President Franklin D. Roosevelt issued Executive Order No. 8802, which established the Fair Employment Practices Commission and created
a policy of non-discrimination in all branches of the service (Gropman, 1996). On April 7, 1942, the Secretary of the Navy announced that the
Navy, Coast Guard, and Marine Corps would soon allow Blacks to enlist, and later specified that a battalion of 900 Blacks would be formed by the Marine Corps. These Marines
were to be trained at Mumford Point (later renamed Montford Point) at the Marine Barracks in New Point, North Carolina. Montford Point and Camp Lejeune (as the barracks were later
called) were to become as synonymous with Black Marines in World War II as Tuskegee would be with Black air pilots (Gropman, 1996). The first African-American
recruit to arrive at the camp was Howard P. Perry of Charlotte, North Carolina. A total of 24 would enlist in the first month. Over the next two years, Montford
Point would be the training site for the 51st and 52nd Defense Battalions. Ironically, these combat units never actually saw combat during the war. Instead, it was the Black depot
and ammunitions companies and the officers stewards who earned the battle scars and took the casualties (Gropman, 1996; Hooks, 1993). The post-war era saw the
commissioning of the first African-American Marine officer, Frederick C. Branch, on November 10, 1945. African Americans continued to serve in segregated units until the fall of 1949, when an executive
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