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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
A 3 page essay that examines the scholarship of historian Robert O. Paxton, who addresses the question of whether or not French government during the German occupation was fascist. Putting the answer simply, Paxton answers "yes," that "In the broader sense, Vichy was fascist" (233). However, he also insists in placing Vichy fascism within the overall framework of French history. For Paxton, the primary focus of the Vichy regime was nationalistic and in reaction to the goals of the Third Republic, rather than an accommodation of any Nazi ideology. Examination of Paxton's perspective shows that he places Vichy fascism in relation to a continuum that shows shades of difference between French experience and that of Italy or Germany. No additional sources cited.
Page Count:
3 pages (~225 words per page)
File: D0_khvichy.rtf
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
O. Paxton addresses the question of whether or not French government during the occupation was fascist. Putting the answer simply, Paxton answers "yes," that "In the broader sense, Vichy was
fascist" (233). However, he also insists in placing Vichy fascism within the overall framework of French history. For Paxton, the primary focus of the Vichy regime was nationalistic and in
reaction to the goals of the Third Republic, rather than an accommodation of any Nazi ideology. Examination of Paxtons perspective shows that he places Vichy fascism in relation to a
continuum that shows shades of difference between French experience and that of Italy or Germany. Paxton defines fascism as a "mass anti-liberal, anticommunist movement, radical in its willingness to
employ force and in its contempt for the upper class values of the time" (228-229). He also argues that the study of fascism has always been complicated by
the fact that no fascist regime has ever come to power strictly on its own terms (229). In every case, fascists have had to make compromises with conservative forces, which
have caused a certain "amalgamation" of fascist goals with conservative factions (229). Accordingly, Paxton sees the Vichy regime as closer to the conservative end of the spectrum than the
fascist end (230). The leader of the Vichy regime, Marshal Petrain, saw himself closer in ideology to men such as Franco and Salazar than to Hitler. Prior to the
war, conservatives in France were searching for a "third way," an alternative between communism and fascism, which could substitute for the parliamentarism and market economy in which they had lost
faith (230). Vichy theorists, such as Thierry-Naulnier, even after 1940, continued to insist that the French should formulate a new solution rather than simply imitate their conquerors (231). Also,
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