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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
A 3 page research paper that discusses the possible complications of warfarin/coumadin therapy. Bibliography lists 1 source.
Page Count:
3 pages (~225 words per page)
File: KL9_khwarfarin.rtf
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
rigorous because there is a high risk of hemorrhage for these patients, particularly among patients older than 75 (Zarowitz, 2007). Increased bleeding risk for older nursing home patients has been
associated with a variety of factors such as prior hospitalization, as well as having a history of underlying chronic conditions, such as stroke or diabetes. There are also adverse reactions
reported from certain drug-drug interactions, such as metronidazole-warfarin and cephalosporins-warfarin, which have been known to increase the risk of hemorrhage by a significant degree (Zarowitz, 2007). In
2006, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a letter to prescribers and Medication Guide that outlined new warnings on the use of warfarin. This warning indicates that the risk
for bleeding is increased during the starting period on the drug and when higher dosages are used, as this results in a higher INR (Zarowitz, 2007). INR stands for International
Normalized Ratio and an INR greater than 4 is associated with a high level of anticoagulation (Zarowitz, 2007). Therefore, for all patients on warfarin, regular monitoring of INR should be
part of their regular treatment, as the FDA warning advises "frequent INR monitoring, careful dose adjustment to desired INR and shorter duration of therapy" (Zarowitz, 2007, p. 17). Patients
should also be advised by practitioners on "measures to minimize risk of bleeding" and also how to recognize the signs and symptoms of bleeding so that these can be reported
immediately to their attending physicians (Zarowitz, 2007). While doing a patient assessment, the patient should be asked if there are "any changes or symptoms of thromboembolism" (Zarowitz, 2007, p.
22). In other words, are there any changes in the patients vision; numbness or tingling in their limbs; pain or swelling in their limbs; shortness of breath; tachycardia; cough or
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