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A 3 page essay that discusses the thesis presented by Margaret Mead in "Warfare: An Invention—not a Biological Necessity" and compares this with the philosophies of Machiavelli, Locke and Hobbes. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
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3 pages (~225 words per page)
File: KL9_khmeadwar.rtf
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below. Citation styles constantly change, and these examples may not contain the most recent updates.?? Warfare: Invention not Necessity Research Compiled
By - properly! Margaret Mead, the famous anthropologist, argues in "Warfare: An Invention-not
a Biological Necessity," that the tendency to engage in wars is a human invention, and that the inevitable result of innate human tendencies or instincts. In defense of this stance,
Mead offers the fact of that there are societies, such as that of the Eskimo, who do not inculcate the concept of war. She writes that "Warfare is just an
invention known to the majority of human societies by which they permit their young men either to accumulate prestige or avenge their honor," as well as other purposes (Mead). Regardless
of the purposes to which war is intended, it is not a biological inevitability, as it remains "none the less an invention" (Mead). The way in which war is
engrained in Western thinking is evident in the way in which government has been conceived throughout the past several centuries. Machiavelli, in the sixteenth century, argued that rulers should not
limit themselves by trying to live virtuously, but should adhere to pragmatic standards that ensured the continuous of their rule and, therefore, the state. Philosophers, such as Thomas Hobbes in
his 1651 text Leviathan pictures the natural state of humanity as inherently violent, the "war of every man against every man," with individuals constantly seeking to destroy each other (Hobbes).
In Leviathan, Hobbes argues that the obtainment of peace can only be achieved via the establishment of a commonwealth, which is achieved through social contract that grants absolute authority to
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