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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
A 3 page research paper in which the first 2 pages discuss civil war in Africa and the Nigerian civil war of the 1960s specifically and the last page offers definitions of terms. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Page Count:
3 pages (~225 words per page)
File: D0_khwia.rtf
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
nations. As with many of the nations that make up contemporary Africa, when Nigeria achieved independence in 1960, its boundaries were a legacy of its previously status as a colony.
During the colonial era, competing imperialist European powers established borders that had more to do with competing claims between themselves than it did with the ethnicity or culture of the
people within those borders (Philips). Therefore, Nigerian leaders found themselves faced with the task of forging a cohesive national entity that included semi-independent Islamic feudal states in the northern section
of the country, while "Christian and animist kingdoms" existed in the south and east, which are the region wherein lie the countrys greatest national resources-oil and gas deposits (Philips). The
principal ethnic groups in these regions are the "Hausa and Fulani in the north, Yoruba in the southwest and the Ibo in the southeast" (Philips). Ethnic tensions worsened after
independence, as more than 30,000 Ibos died fighting the Hausa (Philips). Then, on May 30, 1967, Colonel Emeka Ojukwu declared a portion of the Igbo dominated southeastern section of Nigeria
to be the independent Republic of Biafra (Philips). Over the course of almost three years, Biafran forces fought and a million civilians, including many children, died from the violence and
starvation (Philips). While this African nation is at peace today, the causes of this conflict, that is, "ethnic rivalry and mistrust," remain present and still influence Nigerian society (Philips).
In other areas of the globe, the incidence of civil war has declined, but, in Africa, this incidence has been upwards since the close of the Nigerian civil war
(Collier). Each of these wars has its own narrative, that is, a specific listing of its leaders, social rifts, triggering events, inflammatory discourse and accompanying atrocities (Collier). While civil war
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