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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
A 7 page research paper that examines this issue. The writer asks: Does war have its roots in biology? Is aggressive behavior instinctual or learned from the environment? These questions have been the focus of investigation and debate over the last several decades in all areas of social science. However, even a cursory examination of this ongoing debate reveals that there are no easy, pat answers to these questions due to the complexity of human behavior. Nevertheless, this examination of this debate attempts to discern the parameters of both sides of this argument, as well as what conclusions, if any, can be drawn from research on this subject. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Page Count:
7 pages (~225 words per page)
File: D0_khwarbio.rtf
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
investigation and debate over the last several decades in all areas of social science. However, even a cursory examination of this ongoing debate reveals that there are no easy, pat
answers to these questions due to the complexity of human behavior. Nevertheless, the following examination of this debate attempts to discern the parameters of both sides of this argument, as
well as what conclusions, if any, can be drawn from research on this subject. War has been a consistent factor in human life throughout the entirety of recorded history.
Any history textbook demonstrates this truth. According to the Worldwatch Institute, in 2002 "45 wars and violent conflicts" raged around the world, taking 7 million lives (Hayden 45). Nevertheless, despite
this endemic and consistent presence in human history, classical anthropology, beginning with the work of Margaret Mead, has argued that warfare is as a "fairly recent innovation of a previously
peaceful species" when considered within the broad scope of time (Hayden 45). This assumption has been made based on scientific study of certain isolated societies, such as the "Copper Eskimo
in Arctic Canada (and) the !Kung Bushmen in southern Africa" who apparently live without war (Hayden 45). Archeological evidence suggests that war was "invented only when hunter-gatherers settled into
town and developed complex political structures" (Hayden 45). This position holds that within the hunter-gatherer cultures that provided the evolutionary nursery of the human species overt aggression was not a
prevalent factor, which suggests that war is environmental in origin, that is, a learned behavior. In 1940 anthropologist Margaret Mead proposed in an essay entitled "Warfare is Only an Invention-Not
a Biological Necessity," that ancient archeological sites represent "warless cultures" and this conclusion was also supported by the idea, which has been subsequently disproved, that humanitys closest relatives in
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