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A 10 page research paper that examines Victor Vroom's Expectancy Theory, which was formulated in 1964. This examination of Expectancy Theory, first of all, examines the nature and principles of this management model and then investigates, via available literature, how this theory works in the real world, who is using it and to what purposes. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
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10 pages (~225 words per page)
File: D0_khvvexp.rtf
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
their best and achieve their own personal potential while helping an organization to excel or, on a purely personal level, by achieving their own personal academic goals? This is a
question that is frequently addressed. The answer, according to many scholars, lies with Victor Vrooms Expectancy Theory, which was formulated in 1964. The following examination of Expectancy Theory, first of
all, examines the nature and principles of this management model and then investigates, via available literature, how this theory works in the real world, who is using it and to
what purposes. Vrooms Expectancy Theory According to Bradt (1996), Vrooms Expectancy Theory asserts that "the valence (positive, neutral or negative predisposition) to perform a task is a function of
the perceived probabilities and consequences of success and failure and the valence of each" (p. 7). This means that employees will demonstrate "less commitment and more ambivalence" toward a complicated
task that extends over a long period of time because complexity and extended duration make the chances of success more difficult (Bradt, 1996). Geiger (1996) points out that Expectancy Theory,
as originally formulated by Victor Vroom in 1964, is made up of two related models--"the valence model and the force model" (p. 113). The valence model endeavors to "capture"
the "perceived attractiveness" or "valence," of a specific "outcome by aggregating the attractiveness of al associated resultant outcomes" (Geiger, 1996, p. 113). Specifically, the model holds that a first-level outcome
is "equal to the summation of the problems from all associated second-level outcomes valences with the perceived belief...the first-level outcome will result in the second-level outcome" (Geiger, 1996, p. 113).
The force model of Expectancy Theory endeavors to "capture motivational forces to act by associating the expectancy of resultant outcomes and their individual valances" (Geiger, 1996, p. 114). Geiger,
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