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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
A 4 page paper. CRM was initially developed in the aviation industry because of the number of human errors that caused or contributed fatal air crashes. This paper introduces CRM, then discusses the need for such an approach in medicine and health care. Given the tens of thousands of preventable deaths in hospitals each year, it is becoming imperative that steps like these be taken. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Page Count:
4 pages (~225 words per page)
File: MM12_PGcrmmed.RTF
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
in air crashes" (Pizzi, Goldfarb and Nash, 2001; also see Powell and Hill, 2006; Thomas, Sherwood and Helmreich, 2003). The foundation of the process was the role that humans play
in "high-stress, high-risk environments" (Pizzi, Goldfarb and Nash, 2001). CRM was defined as "using all available sources, information, equipment and people to achieve safe and efficient flight operations" (Pizzi, Goldfarb
and Nash, 2001; also see Powell and Hill, 2006). Studies showed that more than half of aviation accidents were caused by human error by crews and 35 percent were caused
by air traffic controller errors (Pizzi, Goldfarb and Nash, 2001). A specific standard of training crew members was not developed (Pizzi, Goldfarb and Nash, 2001). Instead, the FAA allowed each
air carrier to develop their own training program to fit their unique needs (Pizzi, Goldfarb and Nash, 2001). There are, however, three major components in any CRM training program:
"safety, efficiency, and morale" (Pizzi, Goldfarb and Nash, 2001). The factors involved include "materials, organization, individual, and group process variables associated with performance" (Pizzi, Goldfarb and Nash, 2001). These are
all part of the resources available to the crew. The success of CRM in improving air safety naturally led to the concept and process of translating and adopting CRM
into other industries. Medicine and health care is one of the industries that have begun adopting the CRM process. In fact, the Institute of Medicine recommended that a training program
modeled on CRM be adopted in medicine to reduce medical errors (Powell and Hill, 2006). Like aviation, human error is responsible for many patients dying. One report staid that between
"44,000 to 98,000 Americans die each year as a result of medical errors" (Rivers, Swain and Nixon, 2003, p. 158). That would be the equivalent of 233 jumbo jets crashing
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