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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
A 3 page research paper that briefly summarizes some of the educational literature that pertains to current reform initiatives. Bibliography lists 10 sources. Outline included.
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3 pages (~225 words per page)
File: D0_khusedre.rtf
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
policies, poor school quality or ineffective schools," but rather derives from "social class disparities between Black and White students" (Romero, 2007, p. 517). 2) Another such broad approach is
the article by Barbara L. McCombs, in which the author outlines the development of Learner-Centered Psychological Principles (LCPs) and how these principles "can contribute to a national framework for the
systemic redesign of K-12 education" (McCombs, 2003, p. 93). II) Specific approaches to reform 1) There is widespread consensus among educators that there is a great need for teachers
to have access to professional development and that reform efforts should encompass this need. (a) For example, it has been pointed out that a "culturally responsive teacher" is a
one who "actively models behaviors, actions and approaches...that are culturally aware as well as socially and ethically informed" (Farmer, Hauk and Neuman, 2005, p. 59). (b) Harada and Hughes-Hassell, citing
Kinsler and Gamble, point out that "School reform initiatives have always been complex, messy and amorphous," as they encompass a variety of topics, demand high expectations for all students and
"hold school systems accountable for an increasingly diverse student population" (Harada and Hugh-Hassell, 2007, p. 8). III) Throughout the literature on educational reform is the dichotomy that exists between
the current high-stakes testing environment, and the needs for students to receive opportunities to face "cognitively complex tasks" that teach them to "solve real problems, rather than low-level fact-gathering asks
that contribute to shallow performances" (Harada and Hughes-Hassell, 2007). IV) Often literature pertaining to reform indicates how reform initiatives need to be tailored at the individual institutional level to
fit the needs of a specific school. 1) For example, Brozo and Hargis (2003) discuss how a reform effort was specifically designed to address the deficits in reading that were
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