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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
An 8 page overview of kidney function and how certain toxins can evade elimination from the body. The specific examples
of lead and thalidomide are detailed. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Page Count:
8 pages (~225 words per page)
File: AM2_PPkidney.rtf
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
of waste products. Toxins present a problem for the kidney because in order to perform its job it has to first separate them out from the beneficial components that
pass through the urinary system. This separation results in a concentration of the very elements that are so harmful. This can result in kidney failure and the corresponding
increase of blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine. Urinary tract toxins are particularly harmful to epithelial and the basement membranes of "glomeruli, renal tubular cells, collecting ducts, and the
lower urinary tract (Beasley, 1999). In other cases, the kidney is simply incapable of filtering out specific toxins and they are left to impact the body as a whole.
Toxins that are a concern in regard to kidney function are quite diverse. Numerous plants such as bracken fern (Pteridium), for example,
can have irreversible effects on the kidney (Beasley, 1999). Pteridium, in fact, can result in carcinogenesis of the lower urinary tract (Beasley, 1999). Ethylene glycol, in comparison, acts
through toxicosis of the renal tubular and epithelial cells and sometimes the proximal tubules (Beasley, 1999). Then there are heavy metals and other substances that individuals encounter unintentionally through
their environment. As an added concern, some substances are ingested intentionally and ultimately impact the kidney. Heavy metals are of particular concern
in regard to kidney toxicity. They act to change -SH and other critical molecular groups of the bodys proteins (Beasley, 1999). Lead (Pb++) not only impacts -SH groups
in the kidney but also Ca++ homeostasis (Beasley, 1999). Indeed, lead poisoning can affect a wide gamut of physiological function including that performed by the brain, kidneys, bone marrow
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