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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
A 3 page paper that discusses the many different threats to internal and external validity. Types of threats are identified. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Page Count:
3 pages (~225 words per page)
File: ME12_PG692510.doc
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
refers to generalizablity of the research outcomes. If either internal or external validity is compromised, the research outcomes are useless. There are different types of threats to internal validity. History
is a threat to a one-group design because the results will change if an unanticipated even occurs during the experiment and that event had an effect on the dependent variable
(Michael, 2011; The City University of New York. 2011). This is not a threat in a two-group design because there is a treatment group and a control group (Michael, 2011).
Maturation is another threat and asks whether the changes in the dependent variable were the result of normal development of the subject group (Michael, 2011; The City University of New
York. 2011). Under certain conditions, this also impacts one-group designs more than two-group designs (Michael, 2011). For example, an experiment involving children must be careful because they grow and develop
quickly so a longitudinal experiment with children would need to take into consideration their natural growth and development. Selection can also be a threat to internal validity. This refers
to how the research participants were selected (Michael, 2011; The City University of New York. 2011). Was the selection truly random? Were they volunteers? Were they a convenience sample? Are
they truly representative of the population being studied? Experimental mortality is another threat and addresses how many participants dropped out of the study before its completion. If it is a
two-group design, did the same number drop out in both groups? Further, in two-group designs, the groups must be comparable in terms of demographics, and other aspects that would impact
the results (Michael, 2011). In pre-/post-test designs, testing may threaten internal validity. In a one-group design, participants may have become sensitized to the test and their performance on the post-test
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