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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
A 4 page piece on how the utilitarian ideal, which states that individual rights must be given up for the greater good of all, has been applied to the recent anti-smoking agenda in America. The utilitarian images applied include: policy not backed by research, but applied in the case of children and public smoking in the case of adults; state class action suits and the tobacco settlements; and how the government is trying to incorporate utilitarian and individual freedoms under one umbrella. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Page Count:
4 pages (~225 words per page)
File: D0_Utilsmok.doc
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
the whole of society is served by protecting it from smoke inhalation. However, there is also proof to the contrary, that the dangers from second-hand smoke, especially on an
incidental basis, cannot be proved. Therefore, is the utilitarian principle applied to this issue valid? If applied, a stalwart of the U.S. Constitution, individual freedom, is undermined.
There are two main issues involving the utilitarian application of liberty in regards to smoking: second-hand smoke, which is believed to endanger non-smokers
as well as smokers, and public health costs paid because of diseases associated with smoking. "Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS)--ETS is smoke
from two sources: the end of a burning cigarette and the exhalation of a person smoking. Although it is diluted into the air, ETS is chemically similar to the concentrated
gases and particulates a smoker inhales...a complex mixture of organic and inorganic compounds released by combustion of both tobacco leaves and additives" (Horrigan, 1994, pp. 28(7)). Since American-made cigarettes
contain up to 4,000 additives, 200 of which are poisons and 43 of which are carcinogenic (Horrigan, 1994, pp. 28(7)), non-smokers have come to the belief that burning tobacco cannot
but be harmful to them. However, after the completion of 30 studies, only 6 found conclusive evidence of this fact, the other 24 could not support the hypothesis (Horrigan,
1994, pp. 28(7)). Basically, what was found that incidental and occasional exposure to these chemicals is less dangerous than the gaseous emissions coming out of the walls of ones
house. However, with prolonged exposure to ETS, the odds for suffering from smoke-related illnesses change (Horrigan, 1994, p. 28(7)). Jane Gravelle, Congressional Research Service senior specialist in economic
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