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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
A 4 page argument that nonviolent tactics alone proved to be ineffective in effecting change in
regard to South African apartheid. Not only did Mandela resort to violence prior to his incarceration because of his eventual recognition that nonviolence on his followers part was always being met by armed police, the three decades following his incarceration were mirrors of one another
in terms of civil unrest and both the violent and nonviolent tactics that characterized it. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Page Count:
4 pages (~225 words per page)
File: AM2_PPmandel.rtf
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
Everyone from Ghandi, to Henry David Thoreau, to Martin Luther King Jr. has emphasized nonviolence as a phenomenal political tool. Even Cesar Chavez advocated nonviolence in his
attempt to change the fate of migrant farm workers. In some situations the nonviolent approach worked. In others, however, it did not. As apartheid in South Africa,
and Nelson Mandelas struggle to end it, evidences the fact that non-violence is not always a means to an end! In recent history
Thoreau was one of the first to voice the philosophy of nonviolent protest. Thoreau published "Civil Disobedience" in 1849, several years before the birth of King, Gandhi, Chavez, or
Mandela. This treatise encouraged resistance to government and policies through the simple act of not being obedient. Thoreau saw this as a peaceful form of resistance to governmental
policies and institutions which he saw as inappropriate. Thoreau believed civil disobedience a healthy form of instituting change. He believed, as Gandhi would later observe in his own form
of non-violent protest which ultimately was successful in liberating India from British rule, that civil disobedience could not harm a true democracy, only an autocratic state (Yancy, 1995).
Mandela, of course, first advocated nonviolence as a means of affecting change in regard to the atrocities of apartheid. In 1963, two
years after the publication of "I Am Prepared to Die", however, Mandela had backed off his original premise of nonviolence and was in fact arrested and tried on charges of
over 200 counts of sabotage and suspected preparations for an armed invasion of South Africa. Mandela received a life sentence. In his four hour speech to the court
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