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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
This 9 page paper provides an overview of the Japanese banking system, compares it with systems in other countries and assesses problems and solutions for the struggling industry. Japan's banks are compared with those in other nations.
Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Page Count:
9 pages (~225 words per page)
File: RT13_SA033bnk.rtf
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
have to perform a balancing act between the public and private sectors and they also have to live up to banking rules peculiar to the country. For example, the lack
of turnover in the property market is partially attributable to Japans banking rules1 . In the early part of the 1990s, when American banks endured bad debts, regulators forced those
banks to write down property loans by more than the amount that the property prices had fallen; that action encouraged banks to sell properties and take a loss2 . On
the other hand, in Japan, regulators urged banks to create reserves that were much smaller than the loss that would result from liquidating the property3 . One can see how
Japans government took a proactive role--and not necessarily a positive one--in regulating the nations banking system. Another way to examine the Japanese banking system is to look at the
tax laws which are pertinent. Tax rules in Japan reduce a banks desire for a "property firesale"4 . For the most part, in many countries, banks must create reserves
against future losses and those come out of post-tax profits; however, it only sets it against the pre-tax revenues if the expected loss materializes when a borrower goes bust5
. This regulation encourages banks to push borrowers into bankruptcy so that they can sell their collateral6 . With regulations in Japan, things are different. Since 1993, Japanese banks have
been allowed to create large tax-free reserves7 . There are both positive and negative ramifications to come from this regulation. In Japan, large banks are generally related to large commercial
firms with the utilization of mutual control mechanisms that differ a great deal from the traditional patterns of corporate affiliation that are found in the United States and Western Europe8
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