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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
This 9 page report discusses the Nuremberg Code and its ethical basis. The Code has proven to have a significant impact for the past fifty years in regards to how modern medicine and governments view humane medical experimentation. The individual principles of the Code are listed in the report. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Page Count:
9 pages (~225 words per page)
File: D0_Nurember.doc
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just ignore the atrocities that had occurred. The Code itself (1947) addresses the need for and standards relating to humane behaviors and guidelines for human experiments. The principles
of the Code require full, informed, and voluntary consent for all experiments on human beings. Also, test subjects must be protected from "even remote possibility of injury, disability, or
death." The trials themselves have had an effect on the development of emerging democracies throughout the world since 1947. And yet, according to Walzer
(1997), the trend has been toward more conciliation, rather than trials and punishment, in places such as South Africa, Argentina, and Eastern Europe. However, Walzer (1997) adds, the moral-legal
dilemma is the same as at Nuremberg? In international as in domestic society, justice can only be done by the victors--and is victors justice ever just? How can the
leaders of the new regime judge men and women who acted in accordance with the rules of the old regime? Such questions have been pondered and debated since Nuremberg and
in relation to the hundreds of horrifyingly devastating conflicts throughout the world that have taken place during the last half of the 20th century. Shuster
(1998) has commented that the tension between Hippocratic medical ethics and human rights is perhaps nowhere better illustrated than by the Nuremberg Code. The actual Code was formulated in August,
1947, by the judges sitting in judgment of 23 physicians and scientists accused of murder and torture in the conduct of medical experiments in the concentration camps. Since that time,
it has, according to Shuster (1998) "rightly been characterised as the most authoritative set of rules for the protection of human subjects in medical" (pp. 974).
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