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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
A 6 page research paper that examines the efforts of the last of the Ottoman sultans to save their failing empire. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Page Count:
6 pages (~225 words per page)
File: D0_90sultan.rtf
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
the Ottoman Empire ruled over an area that extended from Anatolla to the Balkans and Hungary and encompassed Egypt, Syria, Iraq, Arabia and most of North Africa (Andrews 42). The
strains placed on the long-declining Empire by World War I proved to be too great and the Empire succumbed within a few years of the wars end. The Ottomans did
not, however, disappear into history without a fight. The declining years of the Ottoman Empire are a testimony to the efforts of its sultans to revitalize their failing empire. Ottoman
society underwent a process of immense social change at the end of the nineteenth century. A portion of this change was propelled by internal forces that often evolved in opposition
to the policies of the "state" (Kapat 844). However, the state, itself, remained the "main source of legitimacy for all change" (Karpat 844). The sultan, who was considered to be
the "shadow of God on earth," embodied the state within his person and the state was "legitimized by the fact" that it served the faith (Karpat 844; Aksin 192).
Because the state monopolized the only acknowledged source of legitimacy, which was faith, it could?consequently?deny the claims of any "contender for power and authority" as consisting of acts of opposition
to the faith-state (Karpat 844). On the other hand, the state could and "did change many concrete aspects of the "social, administrative and political system," while providing "Islamic" arguments that
attempted to legitimize such change (Karpat 844). For centuries, Ottoman rulers attempted to keep a curtain between their empire and Western ideas (Vucinich 88). Although they were cognizant of
the need for reforms, for the greater part of the modern era, they were more concerned with restoring the old institutions of the Ottoman Empire then in borrowing ideas from
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