Sample Essay on:
The Japanese Economy

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Essay / Research Paper Abstract

7 pages. It goes without saying that the United States is keeping a watchful eye on Asia's economic crisis, staying in constant communication with experts throughout the area to make sure they are aware of any further changes. After Hong Kong stocks plummeted 10.41 percent, sending a jolt through the worldwide financial markets, policymakers had great cause for concern with regard to the monetary security of the rest of the world (Engelmann, 1997). Bibliography lists 5 sources.

Page Count:

7 pages (~225 words per page)

File: D0_JGAjapec.rtf

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make sure they are aware of any further changes. After Hong Kong stocks plummeted 10.41 percent, sending a jolt through the worldwide financial markets, policymakers had great cause for concern with regard to the monetary security of the rest of the world (Engelmann, 1997). JAPAN: THE STRUCTURE OF THE ECONOMY The role that horizontal keiretsu plays within the scheme of Japans economic situation is that of representing four distinct groups which reside within the composition of Mitsui, Mitsubishi, Sumitomo and Fuyo, along with two primary financial institutions: Dai-Ichi Kangyo Bank Group and the Sanwa Group. Within the fundamental framework of these assemblages exist a pyramid-type of hierarchy in relation to the various industrial connections that are maintained. For example, extending from the six primary groups are other companies that serve as "loosely coordinated groups characterized by minority cross-shareholding" (Tezuka, 1997, p. 83). The legal infrastructure is such that these extension companies cannot represent conglomerates; as well, there is no cohesive strategy that effectively links all these secondary companies to one another. Rather, they are all individual entities which are owned by the public whose activities are based solely upon "unstated gentlemens agreements" (Tezuka, 1997, p. 83). By appearances, it seems as though the highest ranking horizontal keiretsu bank may represent a "symbol of Japans closed corporate society" (Tezuka, 1997, p. 83), when in reality it is just the opposite. This misunderstanding typically occurs as the result of the keiretsu bank assuming the majority of trading transactions for the various other group companies. It has been demonstrated that no more than ten percent of all keiretsu contract companies actually existed within their group, with Mitsubishi standing somewhat over that amount at seventeen percent. In truth, independent companies held fewer than thirty percent of ...

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