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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
This 5 page paper explores the concept of preference to individual desires and needs as opposed to the state's through the eyes of Adam Smith and Karl Marx. The Enlightenment, American Revolution and French Revolution are seen as influential in terms of a shift in thought about individuality. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
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5 pages (~225 words per page)
File: RT13_SA015Ind.rtf
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of modern society and politics. The Enlightenment shattered old ideas to bring in new insights which celebrated individuality while rendering the welfare of the state as less important. The French
Revolution expounded on those ideals, but was not nearly as successful at accomplishing the state of freedom as that experienced by the United States. The Enlightenment certainly highlighted individuality. In
fact, the distinction between scientific and unscientific activities were made clear during the Enlightenment (Jackson 761). The denial of metaphysics allowed one to let go of explicit presuppositions about reality
(761). This served to expand minds. Letting go of past notions held as beliefs was vitally important to the expansion of the Enlightenment movement. At the same time, while thinking
was broadened, science was held high as opposed to superstition and religious dogma. Thus, the religion which appeased the masses was thrown out in favor of thought and this highlighted
creativity and individuality. The Enlightenment surfaced in Europe but quickly spread to America. However, it should be noted that thought that surfaced during the French Revolution also played a role
in overall outlook. Clearly, the French people were influenced by the Enlightenment and desired an enlightened despot as opposed to what they had been stuck with for centuries. They wanted
change and much of the change had hints of individuality and liberty, although most did not demand democracy. In 1776, the famous economist Adam Smith first published his Wealth of
Nations. Perhaps the most notable feature of the work is the statement of the doctrine of natural liberty ("Smith " PG). Smith held high that "mans self-interest is Gods
providence," and also believed that if government abstained from interfering with free competition, the industrial problems would work themselves out (PG). These are very important concepts and the concept
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