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This 6 page paper discusses the history of wine, its cultural aspects, and benefits to health and the environment. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
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6 pages (~225 words per page)
File: KV32_HV682130.rtf
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and to the environment. Discussion Wine has been part of human culture since ancient times. In 1996, an article in Archaeology reported that scientists had found residue on a potsherd
"dating to the time of the first permanent settlements in the Middle East" that suggests "wine-making began 2,000 years earlier than previously thought" (Berkowitz). The potsherd was approximately 7,000 years
old and was discovered in what is apparently the kitchen of a "mud-brick building in the Neolithic village of Hajji Firuz Tepe," which is located in the Zagros Mountains of
northern Iran (Berkowitz). Various tests on the residue, including liquid chromatography and infrared spectrometry, were done and it was found that "calcium salt from tartaric acid" remained; this is found
naturally occurring in large amount "only in grapes" (Berkowitz). But what made the find particularly interesting was that the tests revealed the presence of resin that comes from the terebinth
tree; it is believed that the resin was used as a preservative, which means that the wine found at the site was made deliberately, and was not simply the result
of an "unintentional fermentation of grape juice" (Berkowitz). Other finds in the region "dated to 5,100 years ago, until now the earliest evidence of wine-making," though finds in Turkey indicate
wine was made there as early as the "late third millennium B.C." (Berkowitz). However, an article from 2003 indicates that scientists have found an even older vintage; a wine produced
approximately 8,000 years ago in Shulaveri, now Georgia, one of the former Soviet republics ("8,000-Year-Old Wine Unearthed in Georgia"). As in the Iranian case, scientists had no actual wine to
work with but tested wine residues "discovered on the inner surfaces of 8,000-year-old ceramic storage jars" ("8,000-Year-Old Wine Unearthed in Georgia"). Further tests confirmed that humans in this region, like
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