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This 5 page paper considers the respective theories of Philosopher William James and Scientist B.F. Skinner. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
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5 pages (~225 words per page)
File: AM2_PPpsySknnrJms.rtf
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have played critical roles in shaping this theory. The intent of this paper will be to examine the contributions of prominent social philosopher William James and psychologist Burrhus Frederic
(B.F.) Skinner. William James offered some of the most provocative ideas of the latter nineteenth and early twentieth century.
James is quoted as saying, for example, that our habits are what determine our fate. He contended that habit is "the enormous fly-wheel of society...It alone prevents the hardest
and most repulsive walks of life from being deserted by those brought up to tread therein" (Boeree, 2006). James contended that individuals have
a certain endurability about their self image, a self image shaped of course by such factors as race, a certain sameness (James, 1890). James recognized, however, that human motivation
is a complex phenomenon involving a number of factors. There is considerable difference in opinion, however, as to precisely what these factors are, how they interact with
one another, and the sequence of that interaction. Interestingly, James independently developed one theory regarding human emotion at he same time another prominent philosopher, Carl Lange, was coining his own
version of that theory. The resulting combination became known as the James-Lange theory. According to the theory, emotion is the end product of physiological reaction (Palencik, 2007).
Physiological reaction thus actually precedes emotion according to this theory and it occurs in response to some external stimulus (Palencik, 2007; Canon, 1987). To clarify, the sequence of events
is 1. External stimuli, 2. Physiological response to that stimuli, and 3. The manifestation of emotion. In order for the James-Lange theory to be applicable in explaining
...