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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
9 pages in length. An insightful essay on Islamic Modernism as it began in the 19th century preceded by movements to improve the political and economic situations of the Muslim world. The belief and works of Sayyid Jamal al-Din-Al-Afghani, Shaykh Muhammad 'Abduh, and Sayyid Ahmad Khan are discussed in great detail as are the various sociopolitical conditions and factors that facilitated their philosophies and movements. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Page Count:
9 pages (~225 words per page)
File: D0_Islamte2.doc
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times when political disintegration and social and moral decline gripped the Muslim world. The breakdown of Muslim society was heightened by the growing threat of European presence and imperialism.
Clearly these threats to the life of the Islamic community would not be tolerated for long. Islamic Modernist movements challenged European colonialism and modernism. Three men who
proved to be crucial components of these movements were Sayyid Jamal al-Din-Al-Afghani(1838-1897), Shaykh Muhammad Abduh (1849-1905), and Sayyid Ahmad Khan (1817-1898). European colonialism was a very powerful threat that
the Muslim world faced. European trade that had started in the "sixteenth and seventeenth centuries progressively expanded so that by the eighteenth century many areas of the Muslim world
had felt the impact of the economic and military challenge of Western technology and modernization" (Esposito, p.125). By the nineteenth century, European powers, especially Great Britain, had increasing domination over
the Muslim world. The presence of European powers even weakened the structure of the religious aspects of Muslim society. "Muslim subjugation by Christian Europe confirmed not only the decline
of Muslim power but also the apparent loss of divine favor and guidance" (Esposito, 125). They began to wonder how were they to perform the will of Allah in
a state that was governed by non-Muslims? During the late nineteenth century the Islamic modernism movement sought for alternatives to Western, secular ways. Muslim reformers wanted
to respond to the challenge of Western imperialism. They declared the need for Islamic reform. They blamed what was happening to the Muslim world on the fact that they
did not respond effectively to European colonialism because they held on to the past and relied too heavily on taqlid. Their approach to reform was through "reinterpretation (ijtihad) and
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