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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
A 16 page paper. Sections of this paper include an introduction, the early ecumenical councils, the Council of Chalcedon and Doctrine, and consequences of not affirming the full divinity and full humanity of Christ. The writer explains why the councils were held, what led up to the Council of Chalcedon, the heresies, and the decisions. Bibliography lists 21 sources.
Page Count:
16 pages (~225 words per page)
File: ME12_PGcnchld.rtf
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
first centuries following Christs death and resurrection. They were mostly put forth by monks, priests and bishops in the Church. Some were thought to have been resolved at early Councils
but many reared their heads again. Ecumenical councils were called to deal with specific issues or controversy and confusion in the first five centuries. The name of each of councils
simply reflected the location where they were held. Eight Councils were called between 325 and 870. The Council of Nicaea was first in 325. Others followed in Constantinople, Ephesus, Chalcedon,
Constantinople 2, Constantinople 3, Nicaea 2, and Constantinople 4 in 869-870. As a geographic point of reference, in todays world, these were all cities in what is now Turkey.
The councils were called to discuss specific doctrinal and practical issues and/or to resolve controversies. Most decided that certain theories and practices deemed to be heresy. Sometimes a council would
declare certain theories as heresy only to have that very practice or belief continue. It would be taken up again at the next council. A good example is the
Nestorianism Heresy. This was discussed and dealt with at the first Council of Ephesus but it did not go away. Nestorius continued to preach his heresy so it had to
be dealt with again at the second council in Ephesus and again at Chalcedon (Christianity in Egypt 1997). This eventually led to what was called the Monophysitic Error promoted by
Eutychius that claimed that the human and divine were indeed within Jesus but they were not equal parts, the divine was the stronger part (Christianity in Egypt 1997). This was
the major catalyst for the Council of Chalcedon. There had been numerous letters written back and forth between leaders, including from Pope Leo I, bishops, patriarchs, the emperor, Roman
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