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This 4 page paper provides an overview of systems theories and the impacts that these have had on nursing. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
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4 pages (~225 words per page)
File: MH11_MHnursthecomp2.rtf
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the concept of the patient, but each theorist took their systems theory in a slightly different approach. While Martha Rogers viewed the patient as a unitary human being, an
irreducible system that is distinctly different from the sum of its parts, Betty Neuman proposed the view of humans as an open system, one constantly interacting with other systems.
Both Betty Neuman and Martha Rogers were careful to note that a patient is more than just a physical entity that operates correctly or fails; both theorists argued that the
biological entity involved is just one aspect of the larger individual. Roger, in fact, argued in favor of the science of the unitary human being, in which the individual
existed both as a complete system and as a system that is more than just the total of the elements that comprise it. While it is possible to view
the physiological and psychological as separate entities, it was Rogers contention that only through gaining an integrated perspective was it possible to address the needs of the complex human
being. Neumans systems model was created after Rogers and took elements of Rogers view into account. Neumans systems model has been described as a "wellness model that supports
and enables a holistic view" (Edelman, 2000; p. 179). In Neumans case, rather than existing as an autonomous and distinctly formed system, the individual is an open system, one
that is constantly changing based on interactions with the environment. The open system that Neuman described "interacts with internal and external stressors and is in a state of constant
change, moving toward wellness or illness in varying degrees" (Edelman, 2000; p. 179). Specifically, Neuman outlined five variables that influenced the process of system function: sociocultural, developmental, spiritual,
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