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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
A 4 page paper that begins with a definition of systems theory and comments about its origin and emergence in numerous diverse fields. The writer then discusses how systems theory is an appropriate approach for policy development, policy analysis and program evaluation, calling on authors such as Dunn. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
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4 pages (~225 words per page)
File: MM12_PGsysan.rtf
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
complex entities, and the (usually mathematical) models which can be used to describe them" (1992). General systems theory was initially discussed by Ludwig von Bertalanffy, a biologist and later, by
Ross Ashby who brought cybernetics into the field (Heylighen and Joslyn, 1992). von Bertalanffy emphasized the premise that real systems are open to their environments and interact with their environments,
thus, they can emerge gaining new properties (Heylighen and Joslyn, 1992). Systems theory, then, does not confine itself to the reduction of an entity to its component parts or properties
but rather it is concerned with the arrangement of those parts and the relations between them (Heylighen and Joslyn, 1992). The result of analysis is how these properties or parts
interact to create the whole, the unification process (Heylighen and Joslyn, 1992). The development of systems theory has been observed in diverse fields or disciplines, including philosophy, information theory, mathematical
modeling and in practical application (Heylighen and Joslyn, 1992). In fact, application of systems theory has been as diverse as the umbrellas under which it has been studied, including applications
in family therapy, management, ecology, engineering, computing, policy development, world government systems (Heylighen and Joslyn, 1992). Systems theory is related and connected to cybernetics and to systems dynamics, which demonstrate
changes in a network of variables (Heylighen and Joslyn, 1992). Systems analysis is studied apart from systems theory (Heylighen and Joslyn, 1992). Systems analysis applies to systems principles that will
help the decision maker with aspects related problems, such as problem identification (Heylighen and Joslyn, 1992). Some authors have identified six steps in building a systems model for use in
policy development and analysis: 1. Establish boundaries (California State University, nd). 2. Define elements (California State University, nd). 3. Define relationships among elements (California State University, nd). 4. Select interface
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