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This 8 page paper outlines the basic elements of Sutherland's differential association theory. Edwin Sutherland’s differential association theory has been central to the perspectives on criminology and social deviance. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
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8 pages (~225 words per page)
File: MH11_MHCriDAT.rtf
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deviance and criminal behavior are learned and that this learning occurs through social modeling and interactions with others (Sutherlands Differential Association, 2003). The basis for differential association theory is
the concept of learning and the contextualization of learning that can be linked to behavioral psychology. Viewing Sutherlands theory relative to views on learning is important to constructing an
applicable view of differential association theory. Background: Psychology and Social Theory Sutherlands theory has been linked
to what have been assessed as behaviorally defined social and psychological theories. Behaviorism, for example, has become the basis for this type of social psychology and assessments of criminal
behavior. These components were fundamental to the constructs of one of the most significant behaviorists, B.F. Skinner. B.F. Skinner made a significant break through in the study of
behaviors by his operand conditioning theory. Basically stated, Skinner demonstrated that positive reinforcers could directly impact changes in behavior (Robins et al, 1998). Skinner demonstrated this new methodology
using two premises, shaping and chaining (Kalat, 1985). Shaping is the process of providing positive reinforcers for close approximations of desired behaviors, in an attempt to direct or "shape"
the subject. When approximations become regular, the psychologist the changes the expectations, and redirects the subject to an even closer approximation, until the desired outcome has been achieved (Kalat,
1985). Chaining is a similar process, but requires positive reinforcers only after completion of a series of tasks (Kalat, 1985). Skinners impact on behaviorism came from his
presentation of operand conditioning as a major behavioral consideration. This led to the development and application of concepts like programmed instruction and behavioral modification. Skinners material also impacted
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