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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
This 11 page paper considers what impact the structural adjustment programmes (SAP’s) from the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) have had on African nations. The paper outlines the SAP’s and who they are meant to work and then looks at the positive results, such as increased stability and economic growth and the negative results such as increased poverty, reductions in social spending and many other social and economic costs. The bibliography cites 20 sources.
Page Count:
11 pages (~225 words per page)
File: TS14_TEafricsap.rtf
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
continuous model, as richer nations increased the gap between the rich and the poor, and globalisation had negative impacts in the area. The richer nation had many advantages, which were
leveraged, but gradually fell into poverty, with starvation and high infant mortality becoming very serious problems (Vallely, 1998). Many have argued that the cause of the p-problems is third world
debt and the way that this has been handled, especially stgrctural adjustment programmes which have forced many developing nations to scrape subsidiaries on goods, such as staple foods and transformed
the subsistence farms into large farms producing goods for the export market (Vallely, 1998, Riddel, 1992). Structural adjustment programmes are the moves which the International Monetary fund and the
World Bank have advocated as the route by which many sub-Sarahan African countries depend on the primary commodity reports by encouraging investment led growth (Watkins, 1994). But has had the
impact of reducing the resources that are available to the citizens through strict spending controls and the exporting of staple goods (Watkins, 1994). The cuts in public spending then result
in lower education and health facilities and the negative cycle become reparative as the debt cannot be paid (Watkins, 1994). Many commentators have argued that this response, although theoretically positive,
does not have the desired results and that this alone is not a sufficient response either practically or morally (Lopes, 1994). However, it is also argued that the programmes may
hurt in the short term, the cost is much lower than not implementing them, and the human cost will be reduced in the long term as a country begins to
develop at a faster rate, and as such the results are geared at long term security rather than short term needs. Structural adjustment programmes have been implemented due to
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