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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
This 5 page paper discusses how steel is made, its characteristics and properties; how it’s typically used; the advantages it presents over other materials; and standard dimensions. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Page Count:
5 pages (~225 words per page)
File: KV32_HVcnstel.rtf
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
are immensely heavy and iron, though strong, is brittle and can snap. But steel is both strong and flexible, and can be built to almost any height. This paper considers
some of the properties of steel, how it is used, what its advantages are, and the standard dimensions of steel available. Discussion Steel can be manufactured in several different ways.
Traditional processes include the "Bessemer, Siemens Open Hearth, basic oxygen furnace, electric arc, electric high-frequency and crucible processes (Cast steel: Steel-making processes, 2009; hereafter "Cast steel, 2009"). Of these, the
most familiar are the Bessemer and open hearth methods. The Bessemer converter is found in Europe while American industry prefers the open heart. In the Bessemer process "molten pig iron
is refined by blowing air through it in an egg-shaped vessel, known as a converter, of 15-25 tonnes capacity" (Cast steel, 2009). When the impurities in the iron are oxidized,
the "charge" (the iron) is raised to a "suitable temperature" (Cast steel, 2009). The amount and type of impurities in the iron will change the temperature: "2% silicon in the
acid and 1,5-2% phosphorus in the basic process is normally necessary to supply the heat" (Cast steel, 2009). The process of blowing air through the iron causes an "intense flame
at the mouth of the converter" for a period of about 25 minutes (Cast steel, 2009). The short duration of the "blow" makes controlling the temperature difficult (Cast steel, 2009).
The Bessemer method gave way to the open hearth, which is more economical. In the open hearth method, the "necessary heat for melting and working the charge is supplied by
oil or gas" rather than by impurities in the metal (Cast steel, 2009). The gas or oil is preheated by regenerators on either side of the furnace; the furnace itself
...