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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
A 9 page research paper that examines Sramana traditions. Sramana traditions refer to an ideology of world renunciation that grew out of Hindu beliefs in the early history of India. This examination of Sramana traditions not only describes these traditions, but also investigates them within the context of their relationship to Hinduism. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Page Count:
9 pages (~225 words per page)
File: D0_khsrama.rtf
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not only describe these traditions, but also investigate them within the context of their relationship to Hinduism. However, in order to discuss Sramana tradition in relations to Hinduism, it necessitates
that a look at what, precisely, is meant by Hinduism. Hinduism What is Hinduism. As Gavin Flood points in his introduction to Hinduism, a simplistic answer is to say that
Hinduism is the majority religion of the people of both India and Nepal.1 When scholars try to define Hinduism more precisely, as in the beliefs of this religion, they run
into difficulty because Hinduism is not only ancient in origin, but encompasses a huge variations in both belief and practice. The majority of Hindu tradition reveres a "body of sacred
literature" called the "Veda," as constituting spiritual revelation, but some forms of Hinduism, such as Sramana traditions, do not share this belief.2 Similarly some Hindu belief asserts that there exists
a "a theistic reality who creates, maintains and destroys the universe," while other Hindus reject this claim.3 The nature of the sacred is also revealed to Hindus through sacred
literature, such as the Veda, and also through "codes of ritual, social and ethical behavior," which is referred to as "dharma."4 The Veda is composed in Sanskrit, the sacred language
of Hinduism, and it is generally revered and considered to be the source of dharma.5 "Veda" can be translated literally as "knowledge," and is believed by Hindus to have
be divine knowledge reveled directly to enlightened scholars, who then transmitted this wisdom to their respective communities, where it was conveyed orally through successive generations.6 According to Indian scholars
Harbans Singh and Lal Mani Joshi, along with acceptance of four "varnas" (castes) and four "ashramas" (stages of endeavor), Hinduism emphasizes four "purusharthas" (human aims), of which dharma, that is,
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