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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
A 10 page research paper that concerns the evolution of a social movement, specifically the gay movement. The latter half of the twentieth century saw numerous social movements develop and affect the course of greater American society. Scholarship offers several theoretical constructs designed to aid comprehension of how and why social movements develop. This examination, first of all, looks at two models of social movement theory and then discusses the gay movement against the backdrop of the social framework that best explains the history of gay liberation, which the writer considers to be the political process model. Bibliography lists 13 sources.
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10 pages (~225 words per page)
File: D0_khgaymov.rtf
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of how and why social movements develop. The following examination, first of all, looks at two models of social movement theory and then discusses the gay movement against the backdrop
of the social framework that best explains the history of gay liberation. Political process model According to Van der Veen (2002), political process theory, in regards to social movements,
stresses that the existence of favorable structures of political opportunity are crucial to success. It also addresses the issue of timing in relation to the success of a particular
social movement, and offers explanation as to why social movements tend to come in waves or cycles, as well as why some social movements appear to be unsuccessful for an
extended period of time and then suddenly begin to grow and succeed (Van der Veen, 2002). Political opportunity structures refers to the "receptivity or vulnerability of the political system
to organized protest by challenging groups" (Van der Veen, 2002). When these structures expand, it can instigate intense movement mobilization, which can take many forms, such as: 1. growth
of political pluralism or decline in effectiveness of repression; 2. elite disunity: power of political elite is undermined by internal fragmentation, disunity translates into net gain in political opportunity, could
lead to crisis of regime/legitimacy and thus revolutionary movements; 3. broadening of access to institutional participation in political process, broadening base of political input; 4. political elites...give popular support by
encouraging movements to organize by providing public legitimization and legal or administrative support, support from the top in order to electoral support (Van der Veen, 2002). Mobilizing structures
and framing processes serve to mediate the effects of political opportunities (MacAdam, et al, 1996 as cited by Attanassoff, 2005). Civil religion in conflict model In the late 1960s,
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