Sample Essay on:
Social Action for Survival: India's Chipco Movement, Malaysia's Penan Movement, and Chico Mendes' Brazilian Rubber Tappers' Movement

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Essay / Research Paper Abstract

A 4 page overview of these three environmental movements. The author emphasizes that these movements have been the desperate acts of traditional peoples to save their indigenous lands, lands upon which their very survival as a people depends. Bibliography lists 3 sources.

Page Count:

4 pages (~225 words per page)

File: AM2_PPanthTr.rtf

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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:

properly! Social action occurs in a variety of formats. When that format is shaped by the very need to survive, however, social action is most critical of all. Such has been the case with Indias Chipco Indians, Malaysias Penan Tribe, and Chico Mendes Brazilian Rubber Tappers Movement. The so-called Rubber Tappers Movement of the 1970s is an excellent example of social activism at a survival level. This movement was inspired largely by social activist Fransisco "Chico" Mendes. Mendes was a rubber tapper, a man who worked in the Amazon rain forest of Brazil eeking out a living by harvesting the latex sap from rubber trees (Guha, 1998). The rubber tappers and their families worked side by side in an equal allocation of effort to carve out their livings. Women worked beside men and children alongside them as a matter of necessity. The rubber tappers represented the poorest echelon of Brazilian society, an echelon that they feared mainstream society had actually forgotten and condemned to extinction (Guha, 1998). Mendez soon found that his survival and the survival of his family and fellow villagers required that he change his role in life. Mendez was not a man that one would typically associated with political activism. That, however, is the role that he was to take up. The existence of the rubber trees and the people whose lives depended on them demanded that change in roles. That existence came under direct threat by outsiders who wanted to cut down and burn out the forests so that cattle could thrive ...

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