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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
An 8 page paper. The importance for sensitive mothering during the first few years of life cannot be overstated. This essay discuses this issue citing Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, Bowlby's attachment theories and Ainsworth's attachment theories. The link is constantly made between and among the theories and to the effect on later life. The writer also reports what Montessori said about attachment. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Page Count:
8 pages (~225 words per page)
File: ME12_PGsnsmt9.rtf
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stages of psychosocial development. All were stage theorists. Freud and Erikson asserted that each human goes through the identified stages sequentially and invariably. If an infant or child is not
successful at an early stage, they will have problems when they are older. Erikson, for example, asserted that infants who were unable to achieve a sense of security would have
difficulty trusting anyone in their later life. There is an enormous amount of research that demonstrates the importance of infancy for that childs future life. Both Freud and
Erikson believes that childhood played a critical role in personality development. Erikson took exception to Freuds emphasis on sexuality and, instead, brought culture and society into the mix. Erikson said
development "functions by the epigenetic principle. This principle says that we develop through a predetermined unfolding of our personalities in eight stages" (Boeree, 2006). Erikson identified a crisis at
each stage that the individual needed to resolve. If the person resolves the crisis successfully, they will transition to the next stage but if the person fails at any stage,
their personality development will stagnate (Boeree, 2006). Successful completion of each stage also results in a specific Virtue that becomes part of that persons ego (Boeree, 2006). The first stage
is Infancy, from birth to about age 1 year; the crisis is trust versus mistrust (Boeree, 2006). At this age, the infant is totally dependent on parents to meet their
needs. If those needs are met, the infant learns that the environment is safe and he develops trust (Boeree, 2006). The virtues at this stage are faith and hope (Boeree,
2006). Eriksons second stage is Toddler, from about ages 1-2 years. The crisis is autonomy versus doubt. During this time, children need to explore their environment and if parents encourage
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