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A 5 page paper. There are numerous personality theories. This essay explains and discusses four categories of personality theories: behaviorism, psychodynamic, social-cognitive, and humanistic. Bibliography lists 6 sources. PG698829.doc
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5 pages (~225 words per page)
File: ME12_PG698829.doc
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be a certainty as genetic research continues. This essay discusses four categories of personality theories: behaviorism, psychodynamic, social-cognitive, and humanistic. Behaviorism There have been many notable behaviorists since Pavlov.
Behaviorists believe that all behavior is learned. This would include the traits of ones personality. Thorndike introduced the notion of connectionism which argues there is a connection between a stimulus
and response. Then, Skinner introduced operant conditioning, which is a model that is used from workplaces to schools to parenting. Skinner introduced the idea that the environment influences a persons
behaviors. The process of action and consequence is Skinners operant conditioning. Operant conditioning is based on rewards and punishments (Boeree, 2006). We reward and punish people so that they
will perform the behaviors we want. Positive reinforcement is the key. This is anything that will sustain or increase the frequency of a behavior. Punishment is anything that will decrease
the frequency of the behavior (Boeree, 2006). Psychodynamic Psychodynamic theories of personality are based on the premise that there are internal conflicts that must be resolved in order for
the personality to develop. Major theories in this area are Freud, Adler, Jung, and Erikson. Freud, the pioneer of the psychodynamic model, said that the personality has three parts: the
id, ego, and superego. The id is about the base desires of the human, the superego acts like a conscious striving for the highest levels, and the ego is the
mediator. The superego is comprised of the many values that a young child internalizes. Freud believed there was always a conflict between the id and the superego. Freud provided
five stages of psychosexual development. They are: oral, 1-12 months; anal, 13-24 months; phallic, 25 months to 6 years; latency, 6 - 11 years; genital, 11 to 18 years. Children
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