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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
This 3 page paper discusses the varying viewpoints of Rousseau and Rawls, and what the two philosophers believe to be the basic liberties to which citizens are entitled. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
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3 pages (~225 words per page)
File: D0_HVRouRaw.rtf
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two philosophers believe to be the basic liberties to which citizens are entitled. Discussion In Social Contract, Rousseau writes that at some point the "obstacles" in the way of keeping
men in a "state of nature" become greater than the "resources" of those individuals who wish to remain in that state (Rousseau). When that happens, men can no longer live
in that state and they find "the human race would perish unless it changed its manner of existence" (Rousseau). However, men cannot create new forces, only "unite and direct existing
ones," so that they only way they can preserve themselves is by the aggregation "of a sum of forces great enough to overcome the resistance" (Rousseau). These forces men "have
to bring into play by means of a single motive power, and cause to act in concert" (Rousseau). There is a problem here in that these forces can arise
"only where several persons come together, but as the force and liberty of each man are the chief instruments of his self-preservation, ... [he cannot pledge them without harming his
own interests" (Rousseau). In order to make such a consolidation work, a form must be found "which will defend and protect with the whole common force the person and goods
of each association, and in which each, while uniting himself with all, may still obey himself alone, and remain as free as before" (Rousseau). Rousseau says this is the "fundamental
problem" to which the Social Contract provides the solution (Rousseau). Rousseau suggests that this contracts various clauses can be reduced to just one: "the total alienation of each associate,
together with all his rights, to the whole community (Rousseau). Everyone thus is equal, and since the alienation is done without reserve, the "union is as perfect as it can
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