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A paper which looks at the factors which contributed to the spread and maintenance of Roman power across Europe and beyond in the Imperial period, with particular reference to the importance of the military and the use of religious infrastructures. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
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7 pages (~225 words per page)
File: JL5_JL2rompower.rtf
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Europe; in addition, we see a number of different strategies being employed, at different periods of Imperial rule, to gain and maintain power. In the initial stages of expansion, for
instance, we see Rome undertaking a number of wars with neighboring cultures, such as the Samnites and the Etruscans, which allowed them to establish dominance over the central region of
what is now Italy. Control of the south resulted from the conflict with the Epirans, in which the famous "Pyrrhic victory" allowed the Romans, although defeated, to reject the surrender
terms which were offered by Pyrrhus and force the Epirans out of the southern regions. Military power was, therefore, the deciding factor in
the initial stages of imperial development. Once control had been established, Rome maintained its political dominance through the establishment of colonies; existing cities were, for the most part, allowed to
retain their ruling elites, who were allowed some degree of independence but were able to draw on Roman support to suppress dissent and civil unrest. Kallett-Marx (1995)1 notes that this
was a salient feature in the maintenance of hegemony, in that formal alliances emphasized the close relationship of the subordinate state with the dominant power. The payment of tribute in
return for Roman protection was considered by the client states as a reasonable political and economic exchange, and allowed them to regard themselves as inherently superior to those areas which
had merely been conquered and subjugated. In rural areas, communities were "seeded" by a core population of Romans, who
would then "Romanize" what might be a fairly diverse mix of different cultures and ethnic groups. There developed a network of small, partly autonomous communities which however followed Roman practices
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