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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
A 7 page research paper that discusses the functions of six essential minerals in human physiology: sodium, chloride, potassium, calcium, iodine and sulfur. Then, the writer describes the functions of 3 buffer systems in metabolism. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Page Count:
7 pages (~225 words per page)
File: D0_khhupmin.rtf
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
essential to the body for maintaining a normal fluid balance and it plays a key role in normal nerve and muscle function. Normally, the kidneys keep a consistent level of
sodium in the body, as excess sodium is excreted; however, when sodium is not in balance, changes in the total amount of sodium in the body is associated with changes
in the amount of water that is in the blood. Too little sodium (hyponatremia) and blood volume decreases, causing blood pressure to also decrease, while the heart rate increases.
When there is too much (hypernatremia), extra fluid accumulates in the space around cells resulting in swelling (edema) (Sodium, 2003). In a normal body, when sodium levels become too high,
triggers signal several mechanisms that result in increased blood volume (Sodium, 2003). Chloride : This major mineral nutrient is most prominent in the body as a negatively charged ion
in the blood. A major electrolyte, chloride, along with potassium and sodium, provides a conduit for the body electrical impulses (Meletis, 2003). The negative charge of chloride balances with the
positive charges of sodium and potassium ions, which provides the means for maintenance of serum osmolarity (Meletis, 2003). A deficiency of chloride seldom occurs, but when it does, this in
a life-threatening condition, alkalosis, which is when the blood becomes too alkaline (Meletis, 2003). Alkalosis can cause excessive sodium loss, resulting in vomiting and diarrhea. Symptoms include "muscle weakness,
loss of appetite, irritability, dehydration and profound lethargy" (Meletis, 2003). Chloride toxicity has not typically a factor in human physiology, except for special cases in which there is impaired sodium
chloride metabolism, such as in the case of congestive heart failure (Meletis, 2003). Potassium : The majority of the bodys potassium can be found inside the cells, as
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