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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
A 14 page paper. The United Nations invented the concept and practice of peacekeeping as a response to the political realities of the Cold War. The Charter does not specifically cover peacekeeping operations, therefore, the UN Security Council adopted principles for these kinds of activities, one of which is not to use force except for self-defense. This essay discusses the UN's role in peacekeeping and the principles of these operations. Also discussed is the NATO Allied forces and their activities. The writer discusses the evolution of peacekeeping missions as the Cold War ended. Peacekeeping operations have become far more complex in the last decade. Humanitarian crises have become more intense as well as more frequent. The role of the military and the need for the military in these kinds of missions is explained. Examples are included. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Page Count:
14 pages (~225 words per page)
File: MM12_PGpckp.rtf
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
II, there was a need to address international conflicts (Cox, 1999). Article I of the UN charter states that one of the purposes of the United Nations is to "maintain
international peace and security" (Cox, 1999, p. 239). This Article then represents the constitutional basis for peacekeeping (Cox, 1999). Chapters VI and VII of the United Nations Charter addressed conflicts
but did not provide a means to ending disputes (Cox, 1999). Chapter VI commented on conflicts but it was inadequate; Chapter VII addressed enforcement but because of the profound
ideological differences among nations, the means could not be agreed upon by the Members of Security Council (Cox, 1999). Peacekeeping finally emerged as the means by which to intervene
in international conflicts that the Members could accept (Cox, 1999). First, peacekeeping is defined as: [O]peration[s] involving military personnel, but without enforcement powers, undertaken by the United Nations to
help maintain or restore international peace and security in areas of conflict. These operations are voluntary and are based on consent and cooperation. While they involve the use of military
personnel, they achieve their objectives not by force of arms, thus contrasting them with the enforcement action of the United Nations under Article 42 (Cox, 1999, p. 239). Peacekeeping operations
take the form of one of two models" 1. Unarmed observer missions (Cox, 1999, p. 239). 2. Forces which have the function of sustaining peacemaking efforts by helping to create
conditions in which negotiation between warring parties can take place (Cox, 1999, p. 239).This model is armed and force may be used in certain situations (Cox, 1999). The United Nations
developed some basic legal principles as peacekeeping evolved (Cox, 1999). There are a number of documents in which these principles are outlined, including the Status of Forces Agreements and rules
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