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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
A 9 page essay on the practice of female genital mutilation considered traditional in many parts of Africa. Though not as prevalent in the cities, the estimated numbers of girls subjected to the ritualistic surgery, normally without the benefit of anaesthesia, is between 90 and 94 percent. When researchers ask why the mutilations are performed, the standard reply is that it is tradition, or (more rarely) that it enhances beauty. Native women are working with villagers to help end the practice, trying to help them see that not only is this surgery unncessary, it is also physically and psychologically damaging for a life time. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Page Count:
9 pages (~225 words per page)
File: D0_Mutilate.doc
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
and welcome the girls into their communities. About 80 million living women have had this surgery, and an additional 4 or 5 million girls undergo it each year (Kouba and
Muasher 1985). Usually performed between infancy and puberty, these ancient practices are supposed to promote chastity, religion, group identity, cleanliness, health, family values, and marriage goals. This tradition is prevalent
and deeply embedded in many countries, including Ethiopia, the Sudan, Somalia, Sierra Leone, Kenya, Tanzania, Central African Republic, Chad, Gambia, Liberia, Mali, Senegal, Eritrea, Ivory Coast, Upper Volta, Mauritania, Nigeria,
Mozambique, Botswana, Lesotho, and Egypt (Abdalla 1982). Modified versions of the surgeries are also performed in Southern Yemen and Musqat-Oman (Abdalla 1982). Tragically, the usual ways of performing these surgeries
deny women sexual orgasms, cause significant morbidity or mortality among women and children, and strain the over-burdened health care systems in these developing countries. Some refer to these practices as
female circumcision, but those wishing to stop them increasingly use the description female genital mutilation. Impassioned cultural clashes erupt when people from societies practicing female circumcision/ genital mutilation settle in
other parts of the world and bring these rites with them. It is practiced, for example, by Muslim groups in the Philippines, Malaysia, Pakistan, Indonesia, Europe, and North America
(Kluge 1993). Parents may use traditional practitioners or seek medical facilities to reduce the morbidity or mortality of this genital surgery. Some doctors and nurses perform the procedures for large
fees or because they are concerned about the unhygienic techniques that traditional practitioners may use. In the United Kingdom, where about 2,000 girls undergo the surgery annually, it is classified
as child abuse (Thompson 1989). And according to my readings, other countries have also classified it as child abuse also, including Canada and France (Kluge 1993). Most women in cultures
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