Sample Essay on:
Realism/Pluralism v. Globalism

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A 14 page research paper that examines three theoretical perspective on international politics. Foreign policy decisions are enormously complex and also diverse in the issues and ramifications that they address. However, "No matter how ambitious an international relations research project may be,…every scholar approaches it from a particular point of view" (Kauppi and Viotti, 1999, p. 1). From the basic perspective of realism, Kauppi and Viotti (1999) detail how two opposing theoretical camps have diverged from this traditional orientation, pluralism and globalism. This examination of these three fundamental perspectives, first of all, discusses their basic features and then specifically focuses on pluralism as being the most utilitarian in its application to international politics. Bibliography lists 5 sources.

Page Count:

14 pages (~225 words per page)

File: D0_khrpg.rtf

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be,...every scholar approaches it from a particular point of view" (Kauppi and Viotti, 1999, p. 1). From the basic perspective of realism, Kauppi and Viotti (1999) detail how two opposing theoretical camps have diverged from this traditional orientation, pluralism and globalism. The following examination of these three fundamental perspectives, first of all, discusses their basic features and then specifically focuses on pluralism as being the most utilitarian in its application to international politics. Realism Realism is founded on four key assumptions. First of all, realism posits that states constitute the primary and most significant actors in the international arena (Kauppi and Viotti, 1999). In other words, whatever is the key form of the state within a particular historical era that form constitutes the most significant element in international politics. In ancient Greece, the key form was the city-state; today, it is the nation-state. Realism defines the state, whatever its form, as the key player within the realm of global politics (Kauppi and Viotti, 1999). Realists put a huge emphasis on this perspective, which represents nation-states as unitary in its conceptualization and rational in its actions. While realists acknowledge the influence of other elements, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), multinational corporations, terrorist groups, etc., they consider states to be the dominant actors (Kauppi and Viotti, 1999). In conceiving of the state as a unitary actor, realism conceives of the state as being "encapsulated by a metaphorical hard shall" (Kauppi and Viotti, 1999, p. 6). As this suggests, the country presents itself to the world as an integrated unit and realists presume that the political differences within the state are resolved authoritarian means so that the government will speak with one voice in regards to foreign policy (Kauppi and Viotti, 1999). The third assumption of realism is that the state consists ...

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