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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
A 6 page research paper that answers 4 specific questions covering issues pertaining to the Crusades. Topics covered include why Christians won the First Crusade; why religious tolerance dissolved in Islamic Spain; Why the Byzantine emperor expected help from Rome; and Richard the Lionheart as a strategic leader. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Page Count:
6 pages (~225 words per page)
File: D0_khcruqu.rtf
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
First Crusaders left Europe, they did not know that they are marching towards an "open door" (Riley-Smith 26). Palestine and Syria had previously been the site where resurgent Sunnism, led
by Selchuk Turks, warred against the Fatimid caliphate in Cairo. Jerusalem came under the control of the Selchuks in 1071, but on August 26, 1098, while the crusaders were still
in northern Syria, it was retaken by the Fatimids (Riley-Smith 26). Also, the Islamic world was also seriously weakened by a series of deaths in 1092. Vizir Nizam al-Mulk, a
great Selchuk sultan, was murdered. One month later, another sultan died under suspicious circumstances, and was soon followed by "his wife, grandson and other powerful figures" (Riley-Smith 26). With this
devastation of the Selchuk sultanate, political chaos resulted in which various people struggled to fill this power vacuum. Then in 1094, the Fatimid caliph al-Mustansir, who had ruled for fifty-eight
years, also died, as did his vizir, Badir al-Jamali (Riley-Smith 26). To what extent was the success of the First Crusade attributable to disagreements and rivalries among Muslim rulers?
As the above description of the Islam at the time of the First Crusade suggests, it was horribly divided. With Sunni leadership in Baghdad battling with the Shite leadership in
Cairo. Also, the recent deaths meant that there was a power vacuum and no decisive leadership anywhere. Therefore, Muslim forces never offered a united front in defense of Islamic territory
and the European crusaders achieved victory. 2. Islamic and Christian (and Jewish) populations were able to coexist more or less peacefully in Umayyad Spain, but after about the year
1030, this tradition of tolerance was gradually abandoned. What factors contributed the new militancy of Christianity and Islam in Spain after the mid-eleventh century? Give examples. In the eighth
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