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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
A 15 page research paper that answers 4 questions on contemporary African issues. Topics include the movement towards democracy, economic issues, the systemic poverty in Africa, and the problem of AIDS. Bibliography lists 12 sources.
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15 pages (~225 words per page)
File: D0_khqusafr.rtf
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regimes throughout Africa. By 1989, only a handful of nations could assert that their governance evolved from "free and fair elections" (Edge 7). Beginning in the early 1990s, however, there
are been a "democratic reawakening" in Africa, which has resulted a serious shake-up of the political status quo. In 1989, there were 35 African nations governed by one-party regimes, by
1994, there were none (Edge 7). The democracy movement grew out of the people linking their "misery to leadership performance" and the conviction that conditions will not improve "until they
empower themselves to intervene in public life" (Maier ix). While this is a positive step, in many nations, the transformation to democracy is still ongoing and remains fragile (Edge 7).
In Algeria, The Gambia, Niger, and other countries, election results have been overridden by military coups (Edge 7). In several other countries, such as Equatorial Guinea, opposing forces have
resulted in the "in the semblance" of free-elections by "long-ruling military autocrats," but these so-called "elections" lack any real substance (Edge 7). Experts posit multiple reasons for why African
governance is problematic and unstable. Part of this problem goes back to the history of colonialism when European nations partitioned the continent, arbitrarily dividing and joining diverse ethnic groups
according to lines drawn in Europe rather than on African realities (Edge 7). In reference to current unrest, Carlene Edie questions the meaning of democracy in the lives of the
people of Africa when neo-liberal reform simultaneously destroy the capacity of the state to represent popular interests (Edie 223). Democracy loses credibility among the people when it becomes "irrelevant to
those whose utmost priority is socioeconomic achievement" (Edie 224). This points out the key element that economic prosperity plays in the process of democratization. When faced with extreme poverty,
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