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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
This 8 page paper has four sections. The first discusses Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics. The second discusses antidepressants. The writer discusses depression versus bipolar and finally comments on ethical issues associated with psychotropic medication. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Page Count:
8 pages (~225 words per page)
File: ME12_PGpsych11.rtf
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
Pharmacodynamics is about the intensity and the length of time the effects of drugs remain (Greenblatt et al., 2002). The techniques for these measurements have evolved over time and are
more accurate today for measuring the concentrations of drugs and the effects of drugs. Another advance is the kinetic-dynamic model in which time is included when investigating the relationship of
concentration and effects (Greenblatt et al., 2002). Another way to put this is how well is the drug absorbed in the system and how long do the drugs effects last.
Pharmacodynamics looks at time and effect; pharmacokinetics looks at time and concentration; and kinetic-dynamic modeling considers concentration and effect. The Merck Manual identifies several routes for administering medications. Oral is
what we are most familiar with; people take a pill or capsule or a liquid. There are many issues with this route, including digestive problems. Absorption (Pharmacokinetics) may take longer
because oral medications often begin absorption in the mouth and then, the stomach and eventually gets to the small intestine and to the liver (Kopacek, 2007). The typical process
for drug metabolism is for the drug to be absorbed into the blood stream. From there, the drug is distributed to cells or organs. It is then metabolized and excess
is excreted from the body. By the time the drug goes through membranes and organs, less than 100 percent of the drug is available for its purpose (Uetrecht and Trager,
2007). Most medications are in pill, tablet or capsule form but many people are unable to swallow the pills. In some cases, the medications can be compounded by a pharmacist,
which means that the pharmacist develops a liquid alternative for the patient. Injections are used for many different drugs. This method usually allows more the medication to be absorbed more
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