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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
This 5 page paper outlines the use of Propranolol in cardiac patients, how it is used, how it works, the physiological effects, dosage and contra indications for its use. The bibliography cites 5 sources.
Page Count:
5 pages (~225 words per page)
File: TS14_TEpropra.rtf
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
used in conjunction with other drugs, especially to counteract tachycardia caused by other drugs when treating hypertension (Long, 1999). Cardiac conditions include Cardiac Arrhythmias; Supraventricular arrhythmias, Ventricular tachycardia and Tachyarrhythmias
of digitalis intoxication as well as Post-myocardial Infarction (Long, 1999). The drug is a "non-selective beta-adrenergic receptor blocking agent" (Long, 1999). As a competitive antagonist it will specifically battle
with the beta-adrenergic receptor and stimulate agents that are acceptable to this receptor (Long, 1999). This means that the drug will block the receptors for adrenaline. As the blocking is
non-selective and as such will block both beta-1 and beta-2 receptors equally (Anonymous. 2002). The drug operates with negative inotropic and chronotropic effects which in turn reduce the amount
of work that that heart has to perform. The impact of the drug will also be evidenced in an antihypertensive effect with, during the initial use, a lowering of the
patients blood pressure. This will return normal but a reduction in the total peripheral resistance (TPR) will remain lower(Anonymous, 2002). Propranolol also
has an effect in the catecholamines resulting in a reduction in the rennin production due to the inhibition of any stimulation to produce rennin. Renin is a protease that is
released by the kidneys and have the effect of cleaving angiotensin I to angiotensin, and is usually stimulated with low sodium content of urine and/or a low level of blood
flow and pressure inside the kidneys (Anonymous, 2002). There is also an interesting side effect in the way that it block adenine.
If the patient undergoes three or four instances of the same trigger of fear which would usually induce increased adrenalin flow whilst taking propranolol future occurrences of the fear inducing
...