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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
This 12 page paper provides an overview of the way in which women are depicted in ancient literature, especially warrior women including Cleopatra, Boudica, and Zenobia of Palmyra. Bibliography lists 12 sources.
Page Count:
12 pages (~225 words per page)
File: MH11_MHcleopa456.doc
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a biased view of their leadership, either in an effort to secure victories or as a means of propagandizing with the expectation that social and political perspectives can be shaped
by the messages created. The general bias present in the historiography of the ancient world clearly creates a subjugated view of women. In the presence of a male-skewed
historiography, it is surprising that women like Cleopatra, Boudica, and Zenobia of Palmyra stand out. Depictions of these women as leaders vary significantly, but range from views of
their chastity and visual perfection to assessments of military and political prowess that is a counterpoint to the aristocratic male leadership of ancient Greece and Rome. "The negative image of
Cleopatra that has presided throughout history can be traced back to 5th Century Athens and their perceptions of women" which, as most know, held that women were likely dangerous if
they were not restrained and controlled (Lerman, 2009). Bias was often used as a form of propaganda, to create a skewed image of the women leaders. For example, Cleopatra
was often perceived as strong only when she focused on her use of her feminine charms, rather than in direct military or political actions. Stories of Cleopatras focus on
Julius Caesar and her use of Caesars images to maintain a relationship with Octavian was one of the stories used to show her lack of true leadership. Authors have argued
that "Roman historians, determined to reinforce the right of the Emperor Augustus (formerly Cleopatras enemy Octavian) to rule, diminished the two decades of Cleopatras reign" and thus diminished her intelligence
or ultimate power (Tyldesley, 2009). Propaganda could be used to build up the character of weak rulers or to challenge the character of strong leaders, including strong women who usurped
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