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A 3 page paper. This paper explains and discusses some of Dunn's theories and suggestions regarding policy making and policy analysis. The focus is on problem structuring and why this is important as well as the points during policy making and analysis, problem structuring is important. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
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3 pages (~225 words per page)
File: MM12_PGdunn.rtf
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to designing policies but it is also important to evaluate the effectiveness of policies. Dunn defined problem solving as "A continuously recurring phase of policy inquiry in which analysts search
among competing problem formulations of different stakeholders" (1994, p. 139). Another way to look at problem definition is in terms of problem structuring. This is something that is often left
out of the policy making process. Dunn argued that problem structures was essential because "policy analysts seem to fail more often because they solve the wrong problem than because they
get the wrong solution to the right problem" (Dunn, 1994, p. 140). Thus, problem definition and problem structuring must come first in any effort to develop policy. Problem structuring is
a political issue (Dunn, 1994). Structuring the problem has any number of benefits, such as: * It helps to discover any hidden assumptions about the problem (Dunn, 1994). * Structuring
can aid in diagnosing causes of the problem (Dunn, 1994). * Problem structuring leads to mapping out possible objectives of the policy making group (Dunn, 1994). * Different and conflicting
points of view are synthesized through the activity of problem structuring (Dunn, 1994). * This effort helps to define the expected outcomes of new policies (Dunn, 1994). Dunn has expanded
the notion that policy problems are more than simply reflections of objective conditions (1994). According to Dunn, problems are individual and/or social constructions (1994). Most of the time, problems are
not at all structured, which leads to policy failure (Dunn, 1994). To structure the problem, there must be: * Identified goals and objectives (Dunn, 1994). * There must be clear
procedures to designing policies (Dunn, 1994). * Problem domains must be identified and specified (Dunn, 1994). * Policy phases should be determined and defined and identified Problem structuring is
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