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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
This 15 page paper discusses the question: Is positive reinforcement affective with students identified as ADHD? The writer provides an introduction that includes the numbers of children identified with ADD/ADHD and then, enters into a comprehensive discussion of behavior management, including the effects of positive reinforcement. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Page Count:
15 pages (~225 words per page)
File: MM12_PGadhpos.rtf
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
and 6 percent of the entire population (American Psychiatric Association, 1994). Between 20 and 40 percent of school-age children diagnosed with ADHD also have learning problems (Essential Learning Institute, nd).
Most of the time, if children are diagnosed and treated for ADHD in elementary grades, the condition is fairly stable during adolescence (American Psychiatric Association, 1994). It should
be pointed out that this is not always the case. Often, different symptoms will appear during the adolescent years. Since ADHD is more prevalent in males than females - ADHD
is six to nine times more prevalent in males than females - parents and teachers must deal with the symptoms and behaviors that are the result of ADHD plus those
that are the result of the normal maturation process. Handling an ADHD teen or preteen is a challenge, to say the least. The symptoms of ADHD comprise a rather
long list. Impulsivity, distractibility, a lack of organization and the inability to concentrate are just a few included on the list from DSM-IV (American Psychiatric Association, 1994). These can lead
to social problems both in and out of the classroom. In the classroom, the result is low academic performance. Peer problems due to a lack of social skills, or rather,
the lack of the ability to use the social skills are prevalent in all environments. Children and adolescents diagnosed with ADHD are most often treated with one of a
variety of medications and very often psychotherapy. These are not always enough for the individual to control him- or herself, however. Behavior management strategies are often used in conjunction with
these other interventions. Important definitions include: * Positive Reinforcement: is the contingent presentation of a stimulus, immediately following a response, that increases the future rate and/or probability of the
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