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This 3 page paper discusses articles by Cowie and Sugrue about the struggles of blacks to integrate the building trades, and Nixon's manipulation of blue-collar workers, in the 1960s and 1970s. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
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3 pages (~225 words per page)
File: D0_HVPolStr.rtf
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equality that came to the fore as blacks sought equal employment opportunities in the building trades; and Cowie discusses President Nixons deliberate attempt to woo blue-collar workers, who traditionally support
the Democratic Party, to the Republican side of the aisle. But the articles are similar in that they both present detailed and well-researched information about a troubled time in
the history of American labor. They are also similar because they both deal to a certain extent with the Nixon administration, though Cowie concentrates on it and Sugrue does not.
The articles also show the way in which politicians can shamelessly use people and manipulate issues to retain their offices. Sugrue details the way in which the
NAACP and other organizations were able to organize blacks at the grass-roots level to help integrate the building trades. One of Sugrues main points is that the protests and
demonstrations were effective because so many ordinary working-class blacks joined in. These were not politicians making speeches, but men who wanted a chance to provide for their families, like
anyone else. The protests and demonstrations in Philadelphia in 1963 were really the birth of affirmative action. Sugrue clearly shows that one of the greatest evils in America is
the extent to which people can be bigoted and unfair and not even realize it. The building trades, in particular, were riddled with exclusionary policies that kept them exclusively
white: "Economics and culture-interest and identity-powerfully combined to keep the building trades overwhelmingly white. The key to high wages and job security in the building trades was the
constriction of the labor supply through exclusionary barriers. The shape and form that exclusion took grew out of a deeply rooted culture of race, gender, ethnicity and family" (Sugrue,
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