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A 5 page research paper that contrasts and compares the theories of cognitive development developed by Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky. Similarities and differences are described. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
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5 pages (~225 words per page)
File: KL9_khpiavyg2.doc
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the world around with them with age, focusing on the maturation process. Vygotskys theory, on the other hand, focuses on the influence of environment and culture on cognitive development.
Consequently, it is not surprising that their theories are widely regarded as dissimilar; however, close examination of the principal tenets of Piagets and Vygotskys theoretical perspectives reveals some similarities as
well. Piaget describes four stages of progressive cognitive development, which extend from birth through adolescence. According to Piaget, a childs stage of development is the factor that determines how
the child views the world. For example, a child who is in the pre-operational stage is not yet able to view a situation in what an adult would regard as
a logical manner (Kausar, 2010). For example, if an adult asks a four-year-old who is playing with blocks to say how many blocks are present, the question will probably only
confuse and frustrate the child because of the lack of conceptual understanding of the abstract concept of numbers (Kausar, 2010). Piaget and Inhelder, in 1958, described the most advanced
stage of development, formal operations, in great detail. Referring to this level of cognition as "postformal thought," they subdivided it into four stages, while revealing how postformal thought benefits "interpersonal,
societal and academic endeavors" (Commons and Ross, 2008, p. 321). Piagets perspective on formal operations appears to have been correct and continues to have relevancy in determining how best
to support intellectual development during adolescence (Kuhn, 2008). Nevertheless, it is also true that Vygotskys perspective also has contemporary relevancy. For example, the truth of Vygotskys insistence on
the importance of culture is evident in a situation described by Onchwari, Onchwari, and Keengwe (2008). Dapi, a 5-year-old Nigerian boy, frequently touched the other children while interacting with them,
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