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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
This 5 page paper compares the theories of Piaget with the other theorists. Development: Piaget and Freud; Moral development: Piaget, Freud and Kohlberg; thinking and cognitive development: Piaget and Bruner. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
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5 pages (~225 words per page)
File: MM12_PGpiafrk.rtf
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
8 to 11 years); and formal operational, which is abstract thinking (ages 11 years and up) (Ginn, 2007). There are major cognitive tasks the child must accomplish in each stage,
for example, the mental structures in the sensorimotor stage are related to mastering concrete objects but mastering symbols is done during the preoperational stage (Ginn, 2007). Mastering relations, reasoning, relations
and classes happens during the concrete stage and mastering thought occurs during the formal operational stage (Ginn, 2007). Piaget believed these stages were sequential and invariant, which means that
every person must accomplish each stage in sequence, you cannot skip from preoperational to formal operational, for instance (Ginn, 2007). Piaget did allow for some flexibility in the age ranges
for each stage but there is no flexibility in the order of stages (Ginn, 2007). The stages are distinct from each other (Ginn, 2007). Freuds psychosexual stages of development are
vastly different than Piagets although Freud also said his stages are sequential and invariant. According to Freud, if an individual does not complete the tasks in each stage successfully, their
personality would be hindered. They would develop neuroses or maladaptations (Boeree, 2000). Freuds five psychosexual phases of development are: oral (1-12 months); anal (13-24 months); phallic (25 months to
6 years); latency (6 - 11 years); genital (11 to 18 years) (ETR Associates, 2006). Like Piaget, Freud did allow for some flexibility in terms of the age ranges for
each stage. Piagets stages are directly related to cognitive development and learning while Freuds are related more to personality. Some of Freuds other theories, such as those about the layers
of the mind, which includes where the memory is, can be adapted to the learning environment. Both gave scientists, psychologists and educators insight into the development of the child.
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