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In this 5 page paper, the writer briefly outlines the stages of development according to Piaget and Erikson. The two theories are then discussed, compared and contrasted. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
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5 pages (~225 words per page)
File: MM12_PGpgerk.rtf
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sequence, you cannot skip from preoperational to formal operational, for instance (Ginn). Piaget did allow for some flexibility in the age ranges for each stage but there is no flexibility
in the order of stages (Ginn). Piagets four stages of cognitive development are: 1. Sensorimotor stage (birth - 2 years old). Child differentiates self from objects, recognizes self as
an agent of actions and begins to interact intentionally with others and objects. Also begins to learn that things exist even when not in sight, i.e., object permanence (Child Development
Institute, 2005). 2. Preoperational stage (ages 2-7). The child is not yet able to conceptualize abstractly and needs concrete physical situations. Learns to use language. Thinking is still egocentric (Child
Development Institute, 2005). 3. Concrete operations (ages 7-11). As physical experience accumulates, the child starts to conceptualize, creating logical structures that explain his or her physical experiences. Abstract problem solving
is also possible at this stage. For example, arithmetic equations can be solved with numbers, not just with objects (Child Development Institute, 2005). 4. Formal operations (beginning at ages 11-15).
Is capable of conceptual reasoning and is able to think logically about abstract propositions (Child Development Institute, 2005). Erikson gave us Eight Stages of Human Development. Erikson described his theory
in terms of crises; there is a crisis at each stage the individual must resolve in order to grow and develop. 1. Stage 1: Infancy, birth to age 1 year.
Erikson called this stage Crisis: Trust vs. Mistrust. When needs are met, they develop trust (Boeree, 2006). 2. Stage 2: Toddler -- Age 1 to 2. Crisis: Autonomy (Independence) vs.
Doubt (or Shame). If encouraged and allowed to make mistakes, toddler gains a sense of independence (Boeree, 2006). 3. Stage 3: Early Childhood/Preschool -- Age 3 to 6. Crisis: Initiative
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